MENGXI VILLAGE, China — In the past two and a half years, thousands of people in China have been found to be suffering from toxic levels of lead exposure, mostly caused by pollution from battery factories and metal smelters. The cases underscore a pattern of government neglect in industry after industry as China strives for headlong growth with only embryonic safeguards.
Chasing the political dividends of economic development, local officials regularly overlook environmental contamination, worker safety and dangers to public health.
A report by Human Rights Watch this month says some local officials have reacted to mass poisonings by limiting lead testing, withholding and possibly manipulating test results, denying treatment and trying to silence parents and activists.
High levels of lead can damage the brain, kidney, liver, nerves and stomach and can even cause death.
Children are particularly susceptible because they absorb lead more easily than adults.
“No blood lead level has been found to be safe for a child,” said Dr. Mary Jean Brown at the United States’ Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Despite efforts to step up enforcement, the government’s response remains faltering.
Mass poisonings typically come to light only after suspicious parents seek hospital tests, then alert neighbors or co-workers. The few published studies point to a huge problem. One 2001 research paper called lead poisoning one of the most common pediatric health problems in China. A 2006 review suggested that one-third of Chinese children suffer from elevated blood lead levels.
The state Health Ministry said in 2006 that a nationwide test for children was not needed because their
blood lead levels had been falling. But the number of factories producing lead-acid batteries for electric bikes, motorcycles and cars has since surged.
The industry has grown by 20 percent a year, and is expected to expand further, according to Wang Jingzhong, vice director of the China Battery Industry Association.
China now has some 2,000 factories and 1,000 battery-recycling plants.
Enforcement is spotty at best. Shen Yulin, environmental protection director for Deqing County, said 65 inspectors covered a region of more than 1,000 square kilometers, with more than 2,000 plants.
In June, Li Ganjie, the vice minister for environmental protection, said every suspected lead poisoning case was investigated and victims were treated.
Interviews with 20 families indicate otherwise.
Near Jiyuan City, in Henan Province, nearly 1,000 children from 10 villages were found to have elevated blood lead levels in 2009. Government officials ordered the children treated, families relocated and the smelters cleaned up.
But a recent visitor found children still playing in the shadow of a privately owned lead smelter. Their parents said that local hospitals now refuse to administer new blood lead level tests.
“The children are not healthy.
We don’t know how sick they are, and we can’t find out,” said one villager whose two grandsons were found to have blood lead levels two and three times above the norm in 2009.
At the Zhejiang Haijiu Battery Factory here inDeqing County, where angry workers and villagers rioted in June, regulation of lead emissions was nonexistent.
In June, 233 adults and 99 children were found to have concentrations of lead in their blood, up to seven times the level deemed safe by the Chinese government.
Zhao Guogeng, vice president of Zhejiang Haijiu Battery Co., said the company is covering the medical bills of lead victims. Authorities said the factory’s legal representative has been arrested and eight officials disciplined.
But that is no consolation to Han Zongyuan, a factory worker who said his 3-year-old daughter had absorbed enough lead to irreversibly diminish her intellectual capacity and harm her nervous system.
“My heart was shattered,” Mr. Han said. “We wanted this child to have everything. That’s why we worked this hard. That’s why we poisoned ourselves at this factory.
Now it turns out the child is poisoned too.
I have no words to describe how I feel.”